Our little England – baa, baa black sheep
Article by Beth Evans Simmons and Dennis Cass
Summary by Cam Stadtmueller
The pastures and open fields of Harborcreek Township had an entirely different look 175 years ago. The most prominent animal of the early 1800s is seldom seen today – sheep, thousands of sheep.
Beth Evans Simmons and Dennis Cass recently collaborated on a new research paper entitled “Our little England – baa, baa black sheep.” In previous newsletter issues our members have read about the Cass Woolen Mill being a prominent business along Six-Mile Creek in an area called “Factory Gulch.”
Several mill owners are explained in detail beginning with Joseph, Sr. and Olive Backus who “had three mills along Six-Mile Creek” in 1810. Lester and Mary Hays owned the “Fulling mill” for seven years before transferring it in 1844 to John Thornton, John Cass, John Rhodes, Thomas Rhodes, and Joshua Jewett. These men enlarged the woolen mill to the three-story structure you see pictured in the full article and the 2000 edition of the Cass Chronicles by Dennis Cass and Perry Smith, a copy of which is in the Society’s Reading Room. By the 1870s John Cass was sole owner of the mill, and following his death, Martha Halderman, daughter of Joseph Backus, purchased the business. Operation ceased “sometime before 1900.”
The Cass Woolen Mill would not have prospered without the abundance of sheep farmers in Harborcreek Township. Records cited by Simmons and Cass reveal that the 1850 Census enumerated 161 farmers owning a total of 5,321 sheep and sending 14,413 pounds of wool to mills. Samuel Stevens had the largest flock with 400 sheep, and Elijach Owen had the smallest with only three. It is fascinating to read the men’s names and flock sizes, and then compare this to the 1880 chart showing the decline of sheep to 1,700 owned by 50 farmers and wool dwindling to 3,500 pounds for processing.
In the late 1800s, less wool was sent to the Cass Mill for processing and profits declined. WHY? Sheep nibble grass to the roots and ample acreage is needed for rotating them among pastures. Harborcreek farmers were putting more acreage into the fruit industry, especially “hardy Concord grapes,” apples, cherries, pears, and peaches. The few farmers who kept smaller flocks marketed their wool to mills in other areas of Pennsylvania or out-of-state. One well-known processor was the Frankenmuth Woolen Mill in Michigan, which has been in continuous operation since 1894.
Historical Marker Scavenger Hunt
This hunt sends you on the lookout for historical markers, memorials, and plaques found throughout Harborcreek Township!
Download the scavenger hunt form and find additional information at: https://www.harborcreekhistory.org/historical-marker-scavenger-hunt
Use the directions provided to locate markers, memorials, and plaques. Find the related marker questions in the scavenger hunt form, and read the markers to find the answers and record them in the spaces provided on the form.
Submit your answers and contact information by October 31, 2023 to enter the prize drawing. Completed forms can be dropped off at the Harborcreek Township Municipal Building, 5601 Buffalo Road, or you can submit your answers via an online form.
Program sponsored by Laskowski Insurance Agency.
By-laws revision proposed
It has been nearly 30 years since the Society was first organized, and many significant changes have taken place since then, most notably our move into the Gifford-Blanchfield House. As the Board of Directors planned for the future of the organization in this beautiful new space, it became evident that the Society’s by-laws needed to be revised or amended.
To access a copy of the by-laws that are being proposed for adoption later
this year, please download them here. Please read the by-laws and provide comments by July 31, 2021. You can share your comments by email at harborcreekhistory@gmail.com, or by phone at (814) 899-4447.
Printed copies of the current by-laws (approved in 1994) are available at the Society’s office, should you like to compare the existing by-laws with the proposed ones.
The Society’s membership will be asked to vote on the revised by-laws at the membership meeting August 14, 2021 at 10 am at the Harborcreek Township Building next to the Gifford-Blanchfield House.
Artery of a Community: Stories of Buffalo Road Short-run Podcast
Steven Mooradian, a Harborcreek native who just finished his senior year as a public history major at Mercyhurst University, focused his senior project on the history of Buffalo Road. His final product is a four episode podcast that highlights different aspects of the road, which serves as a main transportation artery for the Harborcreek Township community; they are agriculture, business, tourism/recreation, and transportation.
To listen to the podcast episodes, visit https://anchor.fm/steven-mooradian
Save the date! Holiday Open House December 8th
The Society’s new Vintage Wedding Album will be on display at the annual open house Saturday, December 8th 10:00 am – 2:00 pm. And while you’re there, browse our gift shop for great holiday gift ideas.
HHS Begins Vintage Wedding Album
The Society is inviting residents to bring or send their wedding photo to our office to be displayed in a photo album. Please include the day you exchanged vows, name of the church or place of the wedding, your attendants and honeymoon destination. Other information you might wish to add could be where you resided or reside in Harborcreek Township, number of or names of your children and any special notations you would like to include.
We look forward to receiving wedding photos either through our harborcreekhistory@gmail.com or by your bringing them to 5451 Merwin Lane to be scanned during office hours; original stays with YOU. This project will bring a new dimension to HHS and our purpose to preserve the exchange of marriage vows as township residents began their married lives together.
Shades Beach Historical Marker Dedication
You’re invited to join the Harborcreek Historical Society and Harborcreek Township in dedicating a new historical marker at Shades Beach Saturday, May 20th at 10 am. The marker, which was funded in part by the Erie County Gaming Revenue Authority, celebrates the history of Harborcreek’s shoreline.
Guest speakers for the dedication include Honey Stempka, Founder and CEO of Undo Undone and Project Manager for the Lake Erie Quadrangle National Marine Sanctuary Designation, and Jeanette Schnars, Executive Director of the Regional Science Consortium and member of the Pennsylvania Archaeological Shipwreck Survey Team (P.A.S.S.T.). Together, they will talk about recent efforts to identify, survey and document all shipwrecks in PA waters.
Refreshments provided.
Letter from the President
Dear members and sponsors,
It’s been a long time since the Society has had a place to call home, but we’re finally in our forever home. It’s gorgeous. We thank the Harborcreek community, Dean Pepicello, Joe Peck, Tim May and the Blanchfield family for their support after our offices at Knowledge Park closed and providing a new home. With their encouragement, the board never lost sight of the mission developed 20 years ago.
The Gifford-Blanchfield House will be open weekly for the community to visit and use. Please consider volunteering with us. A new building comes with new responsibilities, and we’ll need volunteers to help care for the house and during special events.
The Gifford-Blanchfield House is ideal for gatherings of 15 people or less, so keep it in mind if you need a space to meet.
Be sure to add to your calendar the following two events: the Shades Beach historical marker dedication on May 20, 2017, and the official dedication of the Gifford-Blanchfield House on July 15, 2017. We’d love for you to join us!
~ Lori Sheridan, President
Community Service Award Presented to Harborcreek Township Supervisors
At the 2017 Annual Meeting on January 28th, the Harborcreek Historical Society honored Harborcreek Township Supervisors Joe Peck, Tim May and Dean Pepicello for their unwavering commitment to the community and their investment in the Gifford-Blanchfield House. They orchestrated the transfer of the Blanchfield property from the Rick Blanchfield family to the Township and then oversaw the renovation of the house, all of which was done in partnership with the Society and Blanchfield family.
East Erie Moose Lodge #593 Award Funds to Society
In January, the Harborcreek Historical Society was one of several local organizations to receive a donation from the East Erie Moose Lodge #593 from their games of chance fund. The donation of $500 will be used to support activities and projects at the new Gifford-Blanchfield House that will take place in 2017. We thank the Lodge for their generous donation, and invite them to visit our new headquarters and see the work made possible by their gift.
Gauge War Wayside Marker Dedicated May 31
On Saturday, May 31, 11:00 am – 12:30 pm the Harborcreek Historical Society hosted a dedication for the Gauge War historical Marker. The presentation took place at the Harborcreek Municipal Building (5601 Buffalo Road) in the upper meeting room. We were joined by guest speaker Paul Foust. Mr. Foust wrote his graduate thesis on the “war” and discussed the December 1853 confrontation that took place in Harborcreek between railroad laborers and residents.
The new historical marker is installed in Harborcreek Township’s Roadside Park. The project is supported in part by the Erie County Gaming Revenue Authority.
View event photographs by clicking here.
